Early+modern+world

Early modern Age




 * The Russian and Ottomans Empire extended over both Europe and Asian territory while the Mughal Empire extended into the Indian subcontinents.
 * In 1450 trade focused on exchanges among Asia, Africa, and Europe across some overland routes.
 * By 1750 oceangoing routes across the Pacific and particularly the Atlantic had become important.
 * The Ottoman Empire who conquered Constantinople, then extended their over the Byzantine territory, and Christian change in priorities by the want for the restoration of lost lands by Muslims.
 * A steady progression of exploration by Europeans from Atlantic coast of Africa was motivated to find new ways of trade.
 * New military technologies were invented such as European mariners began to use compasses and other navigational devices that were first introduced by the Arabs and Chinese.
 * New weapons such as guns and gunpowder by Chinese now used by Europeans.
 * The new guns helped in the creation of new empires overseas.
 * The Changes were gorging of a new global economy, new biological exchanges of food, animals and people such as slaves.
 * The emergence of new large empires based on guns.
 * International trade increased, for the first time including the Americas for exchange.
 * Regions becoming closer together and exposing them to international influences.
 * New foods from America started growing in Europe and Asia.
 * Population loss in Europe encouraged new migration, from Europe and Africa into the Americas.
 * The massive African slave trade was a response to labor shortage.
 * These Colombian exchanges altered many relationships among populations
 * New disease developed by the increase of population and new foods.
 * The main development was a global economy and the biological exchange and emergence of politically

World economy Transformations in west Russia development Latin America African Age of Atlantic Slave Trade The Ottoman and Mughal empires Chinese globalism and ming dynasty


 * Summary **

** Test Prep **
 * Use the table below to take notes on major events/developments that occurred during this time period. **

 ●  **  They became powerful and superior. **  ●  **  Searched for economic gains and trade  **  ●  **  Missionary influence by the christianity. ** ||  ● ** Protestant reformation, the renaissance were major changes. **  ● ** Enlightenmnet and schintific revolution brough intellectual changes  **  ● ** Absolute Monarquy and parliamntary monarquy seen fpr tensions between govenmnet and king authority. ** ||  ● ** Europen merchant fleets seized controltrading routes. **  ● ** Brought technological innovation. ** ||  ● ** Jesuit expelled from Brazil ** ||  ● ** Silver and gold were found leading to a change in world order. ** ||  ● **  Indigeneous people suffer complete loss of identity. **  ● ** They work in plantations. ** ||  ● ** The English charted a company for maintaing its own slave resources. **  ● ** It was colonized by the Frensh, the English and Dutch. **   ||  ● **  Colonies began to form  ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** It became a major part of the wold economy. ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** A supplier of crops and unkown plants. ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** The Indegineous people worked hard to keep their cultural beliefs  ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** Westernization by Peter the Great  ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● **  Development of serfdom and life of the masses. ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** Cossaks used for expansion reasons  ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** They maintained a strong military force. ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** Kept their old beliefs of the superiority of the aristocrats. ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** English gain first trading concession in India. ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● **  Rise of Portuguese and English in addition to Dutch trading empires in and island of Java. ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** Tribute  ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** It was influenced from the Hinduism and Muslim rituals that led to a combination. ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** 202-220 Han dynasty increased bureacracy ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** Examinations, spread of Confuscianism. Silk Road ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** Ming china was formed after the Mongol invasion  ** <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** Restoration of culture and confucianism  ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** China prided itself on reviving and maintaining its systems of government. ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● **  Became wealthy and influened by Europeans and Muslim traders. ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** Despite its change of trade position, some societies still kept their old ways of kinship. ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● **  Influence from Confuscianism ideas and chinese intelectuals  ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** 1597, began its isolation policy. ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● **  It restored it own indivisual identity because of their worry about missianary activity  ** ||
 * ** Region ** || ** Major Events **  || ** Major Developments **  || ** Major Continuities **  ||
 * ** Western Europe ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  ●  **  They colonized and found gold and silver and took the land of other.  **
 * ** Central/South Americas ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** Gold discovered in Brazil **
 * ** North America ** ||
 * ** Russia ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● **  After its break from Mongol invasion it resturned to their old fasion beliefs.  **
 * ** Middle East ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● **  Increase in wealth and importance for the world economy  ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● **  They began their independence in economic and political actions  ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● **  They formed their own identity and religious ideas.  ** ||
 * ** India ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** Islam influence under the Mughals **
 * ** China ** ||
 * ** Africa ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● ** 200B.C.E-200C.E was the period of greatest Buddhist influnce. **  || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● **  It became a world supplier of slaves  **
 * ** Japan ** || <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● **  Missionary activity and interference by the English  **

** Key Terms that you need to know  **

<span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Italian Renaissance: a movement that challenged medieval intellectuals values and styles, encouraged new ways of thinking. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Humanism: a focus on human kind as the center of artistic direction. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Northern Renaissance: focused in France the low countries and Germany and England with classical styles in art and architectural range. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● European Style Family: Family structure change involving a late marriage age and a nuclear emphasis on parents and children rather than the agricultural civilization (limits on family birth.) <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Protestantism: urged state control of the church as an alternative to papal authority for a political appeal. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Jesuits: a new religious orger, active in politics, education, and missionary activity regaining some parts of Europe for church. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Edict of Nantes: in 1598 the disputes was ended only with the granting of tolerance to protestants. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Thirty Years War: Broke out in 1628, pitting Germany Protestant and allies such as Lutheran Sweden against the Holy Roman emperor backed by Spain. (reduced German power).cutting population up to 60%. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Treaty of Westphalia: an agreement to the territorial tolerance concept finally settled rebellion of the Protestant against Spain. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Proletariat: people without access to wealth producing property. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Scientific Revolution: most affected formal intellectual life promoted change in popular life. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Absolutism: the power of the monarch French system, an good example is Louis XIV summed up all its principles. Kept nobles busy with social functions so they would not interfere with his affairs of State. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Enlightenment: Centered in France and throughout Europe, continued to support scientific studies but applied it to human society. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Boyer:The idea that Ivan IV used of killing many of the Russians nobles <span style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Cossacks: The peasant adventurers and Russian pioneers who were responsible for the territorial expansion of Russia. <span style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Time of Troubles (Russia) After Ivan the IV died without a heir leading to a new power claim by the Boyer's plus a Swedish and Polish attacks on the territory. <span style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Romanov Dynasty: An assembly of Boyer's chose a member of the family as tsar. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Peter the Great:: The son of Alexis he extended his predecessors policies of building tsars, expanding territory and adding western ideas into Russian one. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Catherine the Great: She defended the powers of the central monarch, she put down a peasant uprising. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Obrok: A poll tax paid by peasants absent from their lord's estate. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Pugachev Rebellion: A vigorous peasant uprising led by Emelian Pugachev. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Serfdom: A distinctive economic system the life of the Russian Masses under the nobility’s power. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Encomiendas: Large estates and grants of American Indian labors providing an economic basis. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Hispaniola: The return after Columbus’s voyage a colony was established on the Island of Santo Domingo. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Mita: a system by which the crown allowed certain colonists to recruit Indians for forced labour. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Colombian Exchange: dramatically widespread exchange of the animals, plants, culture and human populations (including slaves <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Treaty of Tordesillas: agreed upon by the Spanish and the Portuguese to clear up confusion on newly claimed land in the New World.  <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Recopilacion: codified laws into the basis of for government if in the colonies.  <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Council of the Indies: the people that the king relies on in advising him and issue laws. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Sociedad de castas: a system based on racial origins, <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Peninsulares: people born in Spain <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Creoles: people born in the new <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Factories: Forts and trading routes with resident merchant <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● El Mina: the most important fort to the Portuguese in Africa. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Royal African Company: The English chartered to get their own sources of slaves. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Indies Piece: Spanish system of choosing healthy men, women and children were priced for a fraction of value. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Triangular Trade: Slaves were carried to the Americas sugar, tobacco and other goods were then carried to Europe ad then some goods went to Africa for more slaves. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Asante: In the Area called the gold coast by the European the empire rose for the prominence of slave trade. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Benin: The coast of height in power independent nation with its own artistic ability worked with Europeans in slave trade <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Dahomey: had an autocratic government but trade was through the royal court <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Great Trek: an eastward and north-eastward migration away from British control in the Cape Colony during the 1830s <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Mfecene: Wars of crushing an wandering. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Middle Passage: Slave voyage to the Americas <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Ottomans: After an early leader named Osman came to dominate the rest advance into Asia minor and Europe. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Janissaries: :An infantry division made up of troops <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Vizier: a large bureaucracy carried out imperial administration <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Safavid: were one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires since the Islamic conquest of Persia <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Mughal: The greatest flourishing of northern Indian culture, art, and imperial strength undoubtedly took place during the reign of the <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Sati: An alternative name for Hindu goddess Dakshayani, <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Zhenghe: originally named Ma He, was born into a Muslim family just beyond the borders of China <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Tokugawa Japan: the period between 1853 and 1867, during which **Japan** ended its isolationist foreign policy <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● School of National Learning (Japan): Increase influence of Confucianism a policy that emphasis Japanese culture. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> ● Mercantilism: The doctrine that urged the nation states not import goods from outside its own empire but sell as widely as possible.