Latin+America+development

Changes in Latin America

**Political** MI: Several authoritarian regimes were challenged for example Getulio Vargas who returned to power in Brazil with a populist nationalism.
 * Military dictators were involved in Britain over the Islas Malvinas or Falkland Islands to gain nationalist support.
 * Mexico continued to be controlled by the PRI but by the end of the 20th century.
 * In 2000, Vicente Fox, of the PAN party, won national election.
 * A guerrilla movement popped up in the 1990s that made the government joined NAFTA in an effort to spur economic growth.
 * The Mexicans called themselves Zapatistas in honor of Emiliano Zapata the peasant leader in 1910 revolution.
 * The most important development in the decade after World War II was a surge of radical unrest, often of a socialist nature, and the Cold War framework came into play.
 * A beginning of workers’ organization emerging to force change.
 * One of his opponents was Fidel Castro, who pledged real democracy, justice and prosperity for all.
 * Castro and Che Guevara gained support from many sides and overthrew Batista.
 * Castro established collective farms, confiscated property, and set up a communist system of repression supported by the U.S.S.R.
 * A U.S.-sponsored intervention failed and the Cuban Missile Crisis became one of the most important events of the Cold War.
 * Since the fall of communism in Europe, Cuba has become one of the last nations but the model of revolution and successful resistance to U.S. pressure was attractive to rebels in other Latin American nations.
 * The leaders had the support of the U.S. In Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Peru, governments were taken over by military-based rulers with repressive authoritarian ways.
 * Illegal immigration from Central America into Mexico and from Mexico into the United States was a major regional issue.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Legal migration from Haiti and Cuba because of political dissatisfaction to the U.S. was another big event.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Problems related to this rapid growth remain and as a result of nationalist and populist politics weakened the ability of the working class to operate effectively in politics.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The church hierarchy was the emergence for social justice, by the 1970s; a liberation theology used Marxist ideas in society.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">In Nicaragua, the election of 1990 held under threat of U.S embargo removed the Sandinista party from control.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The U.S programs such as the Alliance for progress for accessing aid of more than $10 billion for Latin America.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Labor organizations are working in market and enforcements laws imposed.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Social** <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> MI: Explosive urban growth and emigration were often key concerns.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Significant transformations took place in education, social services, women’s rights and the role of industry.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">A growing disparity between middle and lower economic classes underscored the nation's problems.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Women were denied the vote until 1929 in Ecuador.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">By the 1950s most of the region allowed female franchise.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Feminist movements pushed for inclusion into elected offices. Industrial jobs expanded to include women.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Shifts in attitudes about women’s roles developed more slowly.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">By the beginning of the 21st century Latin America was in the intermediate position between industrialized and developing nations where the status of women was concerned.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Music and dance are important parts of popular culture and are influential worldwide.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Writers gained world recognition, especially those who penned social criticism and/or employed “magical realism.”
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Chile and Venezuela – church & clergy took position for human rights, salvation and social equality.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Rapid and massive urban growth was yet another common theme in Latin America is this era, in 1999; the region was the most urbanized of the developing world.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The Argentinean tango began music halls of lower class working.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Writers such as Argentine Jorge Louis Borges were the people who used history to write about their cultural reflections.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> **Economics** <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">MI: Brazil helped the U.S. steel industry during the war and that sector grew to compete directly with the U.S. by the 1970s.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">The world market for sugar, Cuba’s main export, revealed the tenuous nature of its economy.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Economies continued to struggle, with inflation a common problem. Despite difficulties, by the 1990s it appeared democratic trends were well established.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">The U.S. was clearly the dominant power in the western hemisphere.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">In South America private investments by U.S. companies and loans from the government were the chief means of influence.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">The Brazilian state took over the petroleum industry, with Juan Peron in control ruled in Argentina.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">The NAFTA was a Northern American free trade agreement hoping to spur Mexican industry.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Cuban policies strongly linked to US interests ¾ imports from US, the economy fluctuates based on global demand for sugar.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Economic changes were triggrered but had many difficulties.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Income gap actually got worse, property issues don’t change, which, gains in literacy and health, Industrialization possible.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Farms were collectivized and centralized socialist economy was put in place.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">The banana republics, a reference not only to their dependence on the exports of tropical products with foreign intervention.


 * Analysis of major prompt:**